Kugurisha ibicuruzwa ni uburyo bwo kugurisha paste (imvange ifatika yumudandaza wifu na flux) ikoreshwa muguhuza by'agateganyo igice kimwe cyangwa byinshi byamashanyarazi kumashanyarazi yabo, nyuma inteko yose ikorerwa ubushyuhe bugenzurwa, bugashonga uwagurishije. , guhuza burundu ingingo.Ubushuhe bushobora kugerwaho unyuze mu nteko unyuze mu ziko ryaka cyangwa munsi y itara ridafite urumuri cyangwa kugurisha ingingo hamwe n'ikaramu ishyushye.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa nuburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza ibice byubuso bwibibaho ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko, nubwo gishobora no gukoreshwa mubice byuzuza umwobo wuzuza umwobo paste yo kugurisha hanyuma ugashyiramo ibice biganisha kuri paste.Kuberako kugurisha umuraba bishobora kuba byoroshye kandi bihendutse, kugarura ntabwo bikoreshwa mubisanzwe.Iyo ikoreshejwe ku mbaho zirimo kuvanga ibice bya SMT na THT, kunyura mu mwobo bituma intambwe yo kugurisha umuraba ikurwa mubikorwa byo guterana, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yo guterana.
Intego yuburyo bwo kugaruka ni ugushonga uwagurishije no gushyushya hejuru yegeranye, nta gushyushya no kwangiza ibice byamashanyarazi.Muburyo busanzwe bwo kugurisha ibintu, mubisanzwe hariho ibyiciro bine, byitwa "zone", buri kimwe gifite imiterere yubushyuhe butandukanye: preheat, soak yumuriro (akenshi bigufi kugirango ushire gusa), kugaruka, no gukonjesha.
Gushyushya akarere
Ahantu hahanamye ni ubushyuhe / igihe gipima uburyo ubushyuhe bwihuse kumurongo wacapwe uhinduka.Agace kibanziriza ubusanzwe nuburebure bwa zone kandi akenshi bushiraho igipimo-cyinshi.Igipimo cyo kuzamuka gisanzwe kiri hagati ya 1.0 ° C na 3.0 ° C ku isegonda, akenshi kigwa hagati ya 2.0 ° C na 3.0 ° C (4 ° F kugeza 5 ° F) ku isegonda.Niba igipimo kirenze ahahanamye, kwangirika kubice biturutse kumashanyarazi cyangwa guturika birashobora kubaho.
Solder paste irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka.Igice kibanziriza aho niho ibishishwa muri paste bitangira guhinduka, kandi niba umuvuduko wo kuzamuka (cyangwa urwego rwubushyuhe) uri muke cyane, guhumeka kwa flux volatile ntabwo byuzuye.
Agace gashiramo ubushyuhe
Igice cya kabiri, gushiramo amashyuza, mubisanzwe ni 60 kugeza 120 isegonda ya kabiri yo gukuraho ibicuruzwa bya paste paste no kugurisha fluxes (reba flux), aho ibice bya flux bitangira okisideyide yibice biganisha hamwe na padi.Ubushyuhe burenze urugero burashobora gutuma abagurisha bakwirakwira cyangwa bakina umupira kimwe na okiside ya paste, udupapuro twomekaho hamwe nibice birangira.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, fluxes ntishobora gukora neza niba ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane.Mugihe cyo kurangiza akarere ka soak kuringaniza ubushyuhe bwinteko yose irakenewe mbere gato ya zone igaruka.Umwirondoro wa soak urasabwa kugabanya delta T hagati yibice byubunini butandukanye cyangwa niba inteko ya PCB ari nini cyane.Umwirondoro wa soak urasabwa kandi kugabanya amajwi mubice byubwoko bwibipapuro.
Kugaragaza akarere
Igice cya gatatu, akarere kagaruka, nanone byitwa "igihe kiri hejuru yo kugaruka" cyangwa "igihe kiri hejuru ya fluidus" (TAL), kandi ni igice cyibikorwa aho ubushyuhe ntarengwa bugera.Icyitonderwa cyingenzi nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nubushyuhe ntarengwa bwemewe bwibikorwa byose.Ubushuhe busanzwe buri hejuru ya 20-40 ° C hejuru ya fluus.Iyi mipaka igenwa nibigize inteko hamwe no kwihanganira bike kubushyuhe bwinshi (Ikintu gishobora kwangirika cyane).Amabwiriza ngenderwaho ni ugukuramo 5 ° C uhereye ku bushyuhe ntarengwa ikintu cyoroshye cyane gishobora gukomeza kugera ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora.Ni ngombwa gukurikirana ubushyuhe bwibikorwa kugirango birinde kurenza iyi mipaka.
Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (burenze 260 ° C) bushobora kwangiza imfu zimbere yibigize SMT kimwe no gukura hagati.Ibinyuranye, ubushyuhe budashyushye bihagije birashobora kubuza paste guhinduka bihagije.
Igihe kiri hejuru ya fluidus (TAL), cyangwa igihe kiri hejuru yo kugaruka, gipima igihe uwagurishije ari amazi.Amazi agabanya impagarara zubuso mugihe cyibyuma kugirango zuzuze ibyuma bya metallurgjique, bituma ifu yuwagurishije kugiti cye ihuza.Niba igihe cyumwirondoro kirenze ibyakozwe nuwabikoze, ibisubizo birashobora kuba gukora flux imburagihe cyangwa kuyikoresha, "kumisha" paste mbere yo gushiraho umugurisha.Umubano udahagije / ubushyuhe butera kugabanuka mubikorwa byogusukura flux, bikaviramo gutose nabi, kuvanaho bidahagije kumashanyarazi na flux, kandi birashoboka ko hamwe nabagurisha bafite inenge.
Abahanga mubisanzwe basaba TAL ngufi ishoboka, ariko, paste nyinshi zerekana byibuze TAL yamasegonda 30, nubwo bigaragara ko ntampamvu isobanutse yicyo gihe cyihariye.Ikintu kimwe gishoboka nuko hari ahantu kuri PCB bitapimwe mugihe cyo gushushanya, bityo rero, gushiraho igihe ntarengwa cyemewe kugeza kumasegonda 30 bigabanya amahirwe yakarere katapimwe kutagaragaza.Igihe ntarengwa cyo kugaruka nacyo gitanga intera yumutekano irwanya ubushyuhe bwamashyiga.Igihe cyo guswera nibyiza kuguma munsi yamasegonda 60 hejuru ya fluid.Igihe cyinyongera hejuru ya fluidus gishobora gutera gukura gukabije, bishobora kuganisha kubice.Ikibaho hamwe nibigize bishobora kandi kwangirika mugihe kinini hejuru ya fluidus, kandi ibice byinshi bifite igihe cyagenwe neza cyigihe cyigihe gishobora guhura nubushyuhe burenze urugero.
Umwanya muto cyane hejuru ya fluidus urashobora gutega imishwarara na flux hanyuma bigatera ubushobozi bwingingo zikonje cyangwa zijimye kimwe nubusa bwabacuruzi.
Agace gakonje
Agace kanyuma nigice gikonjesha kugirango buhoro buhoro gukonjesha ikibaho cyatunganijwe no gushimangira ingingo zagurishijwe.Gukonjesha neza birabuza kwishyiriraho birenze urugero cyangwa guhagarika ubushyuhe kubigize.Ubushyuhe busanzwe muri zone ikonje buri hagati ya 30-100 ° C (86-22 ° F).Igipimo cyo gukonjesha byihuse cyatoranijwe kugirango habeho imiterere myiza yintete yumvikana neza.
[1] Bitandukanye nigipimo ntarengwa cyo kuzamuka, igipimo cyo kumanuka cyamanikwa akenshi.Birashoboka ko igipimo cyikigero kidakabije hejuru yubushyuhe bumwe na bumwe, icyakora, ahantu ntarengwa hashobora kwemerwa kubintu byose bigomba gukoreshwa niba ibice bishyuha cyangwa bikonje.Igipimo cyo gukonja cya 4 ° C / s kirasabwa.Nibipimo byo gusuzuma mugihe dusesenguye ibisubizo byibikorwa.
Ijambo "kugarura" rikoreshwa mu kwerekana ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya misa ikomeye yo kugurisha byanze bikunze gushonga (bitandukanye no koroshya gusa).Niba ikonje munsi yubushyuhe, umugurisha ntazatemba.Ubushyuhe hejuru yacyo ubundi, umugurisha azongera gutemba - bityo "kongera gutemba".
Uburyo bugezweho bwo guteranya imirongo ikoresha kugurisha ibicuruzwa ntibisobanura byanze bikunze kugurisha kugurisha inshuro zirenze imwe.Bemeza ko umugurisha wa granile uri muri paste yuwagurishije arenze ubushyuhe bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe.
Umwirondoro wa Thermal
Igishushanyo cyerekana inzira ya Window Index kumurongo wubushyuhe.
Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, igipimo cyibarurishamibare, kizwi nka Process Window Index (PWI) gikoreshwa mukugereranya imbaraga zumuriro.PWI ifasha gupima uburyo inzira "ihuye" mukigero cyasobanuwe nabakoresha kizwi nka Limit Limit.Buri mwirondoro wubushyuhe ushyirwa muburyo "uhuza" mumadirishya y'ibikorwa (imipaka cyangwa kwihanganira imipaka).
Hagati yidirishya ryibikorwa bisobanurwa nka zeru, kandi impande zikabije zidirishya ryibikorwa nka 99% .A PWI irenze cyangwa ingana na 100% byerekana ko umwirondoro udatunganya ibicuruzwa mubisobanuro.PWI ya 99% yerekana ko umwirondoro utunganya ibicuruzwa mubisobanuro, ariko bikorera kumpera yidirishya.PWI ya 60% yerekana umwirondoro ukoresha 60% yuburyo bugaragara.Ukoresheje indangagaciro za PWI, abayikora barashobora kumenya umubare wamadirishya yimikorere umwirondoro wubushyuhe ukoresha.Agaciro PWI kari hasi yerekana umwirondoro ukomeye.
Kugirango bishoboke, indangagaciro zitandukanye za PWI zibarwa kuri mpinga, ahahanamye, kugaruka, no gushira inzira yumuriro.Kugirango wirinde impanuka ziterwa nubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kumusaruro, ahantu hahanamye cyane mumashusho yubushyuhe hagomba kugenwa no kuringanizwa.Ababikora bakoresha software yubatswe kugirango bamenye neza kandi bagabanye uburebure bwumusozi.Mubyongeyeho, software nayo ihita isubiramo indangagaciro za PWI kumpinga, ahahanamye, kugaruka, no gushira inzira.Mugushiraho indangagaciro za PWI, injeniyeri arashobora kwemeza ko imirimo yo kugurisha itagaruka cyangwa ngo ikonje vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-01-2022